Of Excise And Thus Uniform..
Q: If the federal income tax is constitutional and fits into the category of excise and thus uniform, why did we even need the Sixteenth Amendment (which again I state has an ugly history of ratification)?
A: What will happen in the future can't affect what has already happened in the past. The 16th amendment was ratified in 1913, with the belief that it was to make income tax constitutional. Lincoln's Civil War income tax was struck down as unconstitutional. But the 1916 [brushaber?] decision changed the definition of income tax to being an excise tax. The 16th amendment now does NOT refer to income tax, and any challenges to it will NOT remove or revoke income tax. Now about this ugly history, let me ask you, has any state legislature come forward and stated: for reasons of spelling, punctuation, capitalization, or wording that we revoke our ratification of the 16th amendment? AFAIK, the total number is zero, none, not a one.