Sexual Harassment- Nit-picking Definition Of

Q: Sexual harrasment" does not take place outside of the workplace. As a general rule, even offensive speech is protected when it is not related to employment.* At Pennsic, you can say or display whatever you want within the bounds of community standards. For example: on market day, one of the merchants holds a ring toss. The pole is a statue of a satyr with an enormous phallus. If I had something like that in my office, it would be harassment by creating a hostile work environment. At Pensic, it is simply a bit of perioid fun, or bad taste, depending on your p.o.v. I have posed this question to the reference librarians here (who are also lawyers), "Can sexual harassment, by legal definition, take place outside the workplace?

A: Harassment is defined in Black's Law Dictionary as 1) Black's is an excellent reference, but it is a perilous guide. It is like using the OED as the sole source for etymological research. (OR, as my old Civ. Pro. prof used to say: "You know the court doesn't have a leg to stand on when the opinion quotes Black's." 1a) As an example, look up the term "Qui Tam" in Black's. See if, from this definition, you can find the authority for Qui Tam actions in the U.S. and whether you can institute a common law Qui Tam action for pollution. (Qui Tam being one of the few areas I know fairly well.) For extra-credit: from Black's deduce what Constitutional challenges have been raised against qui tam. For bonus points, please derive the legislative and regulatory histories (if any). If you can get all that from Black's, I will cheerfuly grant your arguement without need for further citation. My point, I will say again, is not to mock. It is siply to demonstrate the limitations of Black's as a research tool. 2) "Harassment" is different from "sexual harassment" as "assault" is different from "sexual asault." They share common elements, but one cannot go directly from one definition to the next. 3) Another limitation on Black's is that it gives the most general definition for multi-state purposes. As you may have noted, the definition is from the "model penal code." The various model codes were crafted by groups of lawyers. They are not law in and of themselves. rather, the American Legal Institute (ALI) and various other organizations try to encourage states to adpopt these model codes to increase consistency between the states. Sometimes this is very succesful (Just about all jurisdictions use

the UCC, for example), sometimes it is not. Criminal law is one of the less succesful examples. 4) There are some good survey sources available that will give you a start on where the law stands. American Jurisprudence (AmJur) is a good place to start. To sum up: I stand by my statement that the source of sexual harasment suits is the Civil Rights Act of 1964. On reconsideration, I would add that similar acions may be brought in some jurisdictions using state civil rights laws. Anything else requires some basis in common law action that does not violate constitutional protections of freedom of speech.