Depression And The Life Cycle In Women ?

Q: She hypothesized that women with a history of depression were at high risk for physical and psychological problems during midlife. Subjects were a community sample of women 42-52 years old who were not premenopausal, and had not had a hysterectomy or oophorectomy. They were screened for physical and psychological symptoms via telephone and followed up three to nine months later by a standard structured psychiatric diagnostic interview

A:Those with and without past depression were compared on symptom and syndrome endorsements on the SCID. Subjects with past depression had more perceived stress, increased dysphoric mood, and more physical symptoms (headaches, stiffness in joints, vaginal dryness). African American women endorsed more vasomotor symptoms and tended to report fewer dysphoric symptoms. In the future, this study will be able to assess the impact of past depression on women's health. The comparison group was women with no history of postpartum depression. A smaller subsample of 33 women was also administered the SCID, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and the Beck Depression Inventory. Women with postpartum depression (PPD) had more prominent anxiety and somatic symptoms. These women were referred by nurses, obstetricians and other psychiatrists to participate in a pharmacological trial. Although this was an open study, it utilized the KELLNER scale, which differentiates the somatic symptoms from cognitive symptoms of depression. As the postpartum period is a time of many hormonal changes in women, this strategy seems to be very appropriate, as one does not want to attribute symptoms due to medical conditions to functional conditions. The postpartum period is a time when most women are taking care of their newborn and are sleep deprived. Thus, the HAM-D might tend to overdiagnose the severity

of depression. 20% of women are at risk to have a major depressive episode in their lifetime. Once an individual has experienced depression, the chance of recurrence is very high. The recurrence rate of depression following a post partum depressive episode is at least 50%. The impact of this illness on the woman and her family, especially the newborn infant, can be enormously detrimental. It is crucial to educate the public that depression is a recurrent but treatable disorder. If untreated, it can have a debilitating impact on mental and physical health. It is documented that women with depressive disorders are also at high risk for cardiovascular disorders.